TITLE "Means by group and time for learning outcome".

 

Means by group and time for learning outcome

 

SUMMARIZE
  /TABLES = outcome BY group BY time
  /FORMAT = NOLIST TOTAL
  /CELLS = COUNT MEAN SEMEAN MIN MAX.

 


Summarize

 

Notes

Output Created

9-MAY-2014

Comments

 

HInput

Data

C:\Dropbox\14_Psyc930MLM\Download\SPSS\Example1.sav

Active Dataset

example1

Filter

<none>

Weight

<none>

Split File

<none>

N of Rows in Working Data File

100

Missing Value Handling

Definition of Missing

For each dependent variable in a table, user-defined missing values for the dependent and all grouping variables are treated as missing.

Cases Used

Cases used for each table have no missing values in any independent variable, and not all dependent variables have missing values.

Syntax

SUMMARIZE
/TABLES = outcome BY group BY time
/FORMAT = NOLIST TOTAL
/CELLS = COUNT MEAN SEMEAN MIN MAX.

Resources

Processor Time

00:00:00.03

Elapsed Time

00:00:00.03


[example1] C:\Dropbox\14_Psyc930MLM\Download\SPSS\Example1.sav

 

Case Processing Summary

 

Cases

Included

Excluded

Total

N

Percent

N

Percent

N

Percent

Learning Outcome * Treatment Group (1=control, 2=treatment) * Time (1=pre-test 2=post-test)

100

100.0%

0

0.0%

100

100.0%

 

Report

Learning Outcome

Treatment Group (1=control, 2=treatment)

Time (1=pre-test 2=post-test)

N

Mean

Std. Error of Mean

Minimum

Maximum

1

1

25

49.0768

1.13706

37.53

59.55

2

25

54.8992

1.12565

44.56

67.11

Total

50

51.9880

.89437

37.53

67.11

2

1

25

50.7587

.90708

40.53

62.13

2

25

58.6236

.98648

47.43

68.62

Total

50

54.6912

.86915

40.53

68.62

Total

1

50

49.9178

.72977

37.53

62.13

2

50

56.7614

.78702

44.56

68.62

Total

100

53.3396

.63510

37.53

68.62

TITLE.

 

 


TITLE "SPSS Between-Person Empty Means Model via MIXED".

 

SPSS Between-Person Empty Means Model via MIXED

 

MIXED outcome BY PersonID time
 /METHOD = REML
 /PRINT = SOLUTION TESTCOV R
 /FIXED =
 /REPEATED = time | SUBJECT(PersonID) COVTYPE(ID).

 


Mixed Model Analysis

 

Notes

Output Created

9-MAY-2014

Comments

 

Input

Data

C:\Dropbox\14_Psyc930MLM\Download\SPSS\Example1.sav

Active Dataset

example1

Filter

<none>

Weight

<none>

Split File

<none>

N of Rows in Working Data File

100

Missing Value Handling

Definition of Missing

User-defined missing values are treated as missing.

Cases Used

Statistics are based on all cases with valid data for all variables in the model.

Syntax

MIXED outcome BY PersonID time
/METHOD = REML
/PRINT = SOLUTION TESTCOV R
/FIXED =
/REPEATED = time | SUBJECT(PersonID) COVTYPE(ID).

Resources

Processor Time

00:00:00.00

Elapsed Time

00:00:00.02


[example1] C:\Dropbox\14_Psyc930MLM\Download\SPSS\Example1.sav

 

Warnings

A(n) FIXED subcommand has no specifications and will therefore be ignored.

 

Model Dimensiona

 

Number of Levels

Covariance Structure

Number of Parameters

Subject Variables

Number of Subjects

Fixed Effects

Intercept

1

 

1

 

 

Repeated Effects

time

2

Identity

1

PersonID

50

Total

3

 

2

 

 

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.

 

Information Criteriaa

-2 Restricted Log Likelihood

651.580

Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC)

653.580

Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC)

653.622

Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC)

657.176

Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC)

656.176

The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better forms.

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Fixed Effects

 

Type III Tests of Fixed Effectsa

Source

Numerator df

Denominator df

F

Sig.

Intercept

1

99

7053.654

.000

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.

 

Estimates of Fixed Effectsa

Parameter

Estimate

Std. Error

df

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

Intercept

53.339583

.635101

99

83.986

.000

52.079405

54.599760

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Covariance Parameters

 

Estimates of Covariance Parametersa

Parameter

Estimate

Std. Error

Wald Z

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

Repeated Measures

Variance

40.335282

5.733007

7.036

.000

30.528157

53.292933

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.

 

Residual Covariance (R) Matrixa

 

[time = 1]

[time = 2]

[time = 1]

40.335282

0

[time = 2]

0

40.335282

Identity

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.

TITLE.

 

 


TITLE "SPSS Within-Person Empty Means Model via MIXED".

 

SPSS Within-Person Empty Means Model via MIXED

 

MIXED outcome BY PersonID time
 /METHOD = REML
 /PRINT = SOLUTION TESTCOV R
 /FIXED =
 /REPEATED = time | SUBJECT(PersonID) COVTYPE(CS).

 


Mixed Model Analysis

 

Notes

Output Created

9-MAY-2014

Comments

 

Input

Data

C:\Dropbox\14_Psyc930MLM\Download\SPSS\Example1.sav

Active Dataset

example1

Filter

<none>

Weight

<none>

Split File

<none>

N of Rows in Working Data File

100

Missing Value Handling

Definition of Missing

User-defined missing values are treated as missing.

Cases Used

Statistics are based on all cases with valid data for all variables in the model.

Syntax

MIXED outcome BY PersonID time
/METHOD = REML
/PRINT = SOLUTION TESTCOV R
/FIXED =
/REPEATED = time | SUBJECT(PersonID) COVTYPE(CS).

Resources

Processor Time

00:00:00.00

Elapsed Time

00:00:00.02


[example1] C:\Dropbox\14_Psyc930MLM\Download\SPSS\Example1.sav

 

Warnings

A(n) FIXED subcommand has no specifications and will therefore be ignored.

 

Model Dimensiona

 

Number of Levels

Covariance Structure

Number of Parameters

Subject Variables

Number of Subjects

Fixed Effects

Intercept

1

 

1

 

 

Repeated Effects

time

2

Compound Symmetry

2

PersonID

50

Total

3

 

3

 

 

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.

 

Information Criteriaa

-2 Restricted Log Likelihood

646.809

Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC)

650.809

Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC)

650.934

Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC)

658.000

Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC)

656.000

The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better forms.

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Fixed Effects

 

Type III Tests of Fixed Effectsa

Source

Numerator df

Denominator df

F

Sig.

Intercept

1

49.000

5397.495

.000

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.

 

Estimates of Fixed Effectsa

Parameter

Estimate

Std. Error

df

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

Intercept

53.339583

.726028

49.000

73.468

.000

51.880575

54.798591

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Covariance Parameters

 

Estimates of Covariance Parametersa

Parameter

Estimate

Std. Error

Wald Z

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

Repeated Measures

CS diagonal offset

28.206400

5.641280

5.000

.000

19.059318

41.743414

CS covariance

12.252647

6.025635

2.033

.042

.442618

24.062675

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.

 

Residual Covariance (R) Matrixa

 

[time = 1]

[time = 2]

[time = 1]

40.459046

12.252647

[time = 2]

12.252647

40.459046

Compound Symmetry

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.

TITLE.

 

 


TITLE "SPSS Between-Person Conditional Model via MIXED".

 

SPSS Between-Person Conditional Model via MIXED

 

MIXED outcome BY PersonID time WITH time1 treat
 /METHOD = REML
 /PRINT = SOLUTION TESTCOV R
 /FIXED = time1 treat time1*treat
 /REPEATED = time | SUBJECT(PersonID) COVTYPE(ID)
 /TEST "Mean: Control Group at Pre-Test"    intercept 1 time1 0 treat 0 time1*treat 0
 /TEST "Mean: Control Group at Post-Test"   intercept 1 time1 1 treat 0 time1*treat 0
 /TEST "Mean: Treatment Group at Pre-Test"  intercept 1 time1 0 treat 1 time1*treat 0
 /TEST "Mean: Treatment Group at Post-Test" intercept 1 time1 1 treat 1 time1*treat 1
 /TEST "Time Effect for Control Group"      time1 1 time1*treat 0
 /TEST "Time Effect for Treatment Group"    time1 1 time1*treat 1
 /TEST "Group Effect at Pre-Test"          treat 1 time1*treat 0
 /TEST "Group Effect at Post-Test"         treat 1 time1*treat 1.

 


Mixed Model Analysis

 

Notes

Output Created

9-MAY-2014

Comments

 

Input

Data

C:\Dropbox\14_Psyc930MLM\Download\SPSS\Example1.sav

Active Dataset

example1

Filter

<none>

Weight

<none>

Split File

<none>

N of Rows in Working Data File

100

Missing Value Handling

Definition of Missing

User-defined missing values are treated as missing.

Cases Used

Statistics are based on all cases with valid data for all variables in the model.

Syntax

MIXED outcome BY PersonID time WITH time1 treat
/METHOD = REML
/PRINT = SOLUTION TESTCOV R
/FIXED = time1 treat time1*treat
/REPEATED = time | SUBJECT(PersonID) COVTYPE(ID)
/TEST "Mean: Control Group at Pre-Test" intercept 1 time1 0 treat 0 time1*treat 0
/TEST "Mean: Control Group at Post-Test" intercept 1 time1 1 treat 0 time1*treat 0
/TEST "Mean: Treatment Group at Pre-Test" intercept 1 time1 0 treat 1 time1*treat 0
/TEST "Mean: Treatment Group at Post-Test" intercept 1 time1 1 treat 1 time1*treat 1
/TEST "Time Effect for Control Group" time1 1 time1*treat 0
/TEST "Time Effect for Treatment Group" time1 1 time1*treat 1
/TEST "Group Effect at Pre-Test" treat 1 time1*treat 0
/TEST "Group Effect at Post-Test" treat 1 time1*treat 1.

Resources

Processor Time

00:00:00.03

Elapsed Time

00:00:00.05


[example1] C:\Dropbox\14_Psyc930MLM\Download\SPSS\Example1.sav

 

Model Dimensiona

 

Number of Levels

Covariance Structure

Number of Parameters

Subject Variables

Number of Subjects

Fixed Effects

Intercept

1

 

1

 

 

time1

1

 

1

 

 

treat

1

 

1

 

 

time1 * treat

1

 

1

 

 

Repeated Effects

time

2

Identity

1

PersonID

50

Total

6

 

5

 

 

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.

 

Information Criteriaa

-2 Restricted Log Likelihood

602.507

Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC)

604.507

Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC)

604.550

Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC)

608.071

Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC)

607.071

The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better forms.

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Fixed Effects

 

Type III Tests of Fixed Effectsa

Source

Numerator df

Denominator df

F

Sig.

Intercept

1

96

2211.730

.000

time1

1

96

15.565

.000

treat

1

96

1.299

.257

time1 * treat

1

96

.958

.330

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.

 

Estimates of Fixed Effectsa

Parameter

Estimate

Std. Error

df

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

Intercept

49.076798

1.043542

96

47.029

.000

47.005382

51.148213

time1

5.822365

1.475792

96

3.945

.000

2.892941

8.751789

treat

1.681942

1.475792

96

1.140

.257

-1.247482

4.611366

time1 * treat

2.042527

2.087085

96

.979

.330

-2.100304

6.185358

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Covariance Parameters

 

Estimates of Covariance Parametersa

Parameter

Estimate

Std. Error

Wald Z

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

Repeated Measures

Variance

27.224523

3.929521

6.928

.000

20.516342

36.126064

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.

 

Residual Covariance (R) Matrixa

 

[time = 1]

[time = 2]

[time = 1]

27.224523

0

[time = 2]

0

27.224523

Identity

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 1 (Mean: Control Group at Pre-Test)

 

Contrast Estimatesa,b

Contrast

Estimate

Std. Error

df

Test Value

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

L1

49.076798

1.043542

96

0

47.029

.000

47.005382

51.148213

a. Mean: Control Group at Pre-Test

b. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 2 (Mean: Control Group at Post-Test)

 

Contrast Estimatesa,b

Contrast

Estimate

Std. Error

df

Test Value

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

L1

54.899163

1.043542

96

0

52.608

.000

52.827747

56.970578

a. Mean: Control Group at Post-Test

b. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 3 (Mean: Treatment Group at Pre-Test)

 

Contrast Estimatesa,b

Contrast

Estimate

Std. Error

df

Test Value

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

L1

50.758740

1.043542

96

0

48.641

.000

48.687324

52.830155

a. Mean: Treatment Group at Pre-Test

b. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 4 (Mean: Treatment Group at Post-Test)

 

Contrast Estimatesa,b

Contrast

Estimate

Std. Error

df

Test Value

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

L1

58.623631

1.043542

96

0

56.178

.000

56.552216

60.695047

a. Mean: Treatment Group at Post-Test

b. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 5 (Time Effect for Control Group)

 

Contrast Estimatesa,b

Contrast

Estimate

Std. Error

df

Test Value

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

L1

5.822365

1.475792

96

0

3.945

.000

2.892941

8.751789

a. Time Effect for Control Group

b. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 6 (Time Effect for Treatment Group)

 

Contrast Estimatesa,b

Contrast

Estimate

Std. Error

df

Test Value

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

L1

7.864892

1.475792

96

0

5.329

.000

4.935468

10.794316

a. Time Effect for Treatment Group

b. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 7 (Group Effect at Pre-Test)

 

Contrast Estimatesa,b

Contrast

Estimate

Std. Error

df

Test Value

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

L1

1.681942

1.475792

96

0

1.140

.257

-1.247482

4.611366

a. Group Effect at Pre-Test

b. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 8 (Group Effect at Post-Test)

 

Contrast Estimatesa,b

Contrast

Estimate

Std. Error

df

Test Value

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

L1

3.724468

1.475792

96

0

2.524

.013

.795045

6.653892

a. Group Effect at Post-Test

b. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.

TITLE.

 

 


TITLE "SPSS Within-Person Conditional Model via MIXED".

 

SPSS Within-Person Conditional Model via MIXED

 

MIXED outcome BY PersonID time WITH time1 treat
 /METHOD = REML
 /PRINT = SOLUTION TESTCOV R
 /FIXED = time1 treat time1*treat
 /REPEATED = time | SUBJECT(PersonID) COVTYPE(CS)
 /TEST "Mean: Control Group at Pre-Test"    intercept 1 time1 0 treat 0 time1*treat 0
 /TEST "Mean: Control Group at Post-Test"   intercept 1 time1 1 treat 0 time1*treat 0
 /TEST "Mean: Treatment Group at Pre-Test"  intercept 1 time1 0 treat 1 time1*treat 0
 /TEST "Mean: Treatment Group at Post-Test" intercept 1 time1 1 treat 1 time1*treat 1
 /TEST "Time Effect for Control Group"      time1 1 time1*treat 0
 /TEST "Time Effect for Treatment Group"    time1 1 time1*treat 1
 /TEST "Group Effect at Pre-Test"          treat 1 time1*treat 0
 /TEST "Group Effect at Post-Test"         treat 1 time1*treat 1.

 


Mixed Model Analysis

 

Notes

Output Created

9-MAY-2014

Comments

 

Input

Data

C:\Dropbox\14_Psyc930MLM\Download\SPSS\Example1.sav

Active Dataset

example1

Filter

<none>

Weight

<none>

Split File

<none>

N of Rows in Working Data File

100

Missing Value Handling

Definition of Missing

User-defined missing values are treated as missing.

Cases Used

Statistics are based on all cases with valid data for all variables in the model.

Syntax

MIXED outcome BY PersonID time WITH time1 treat
/METHOD = REML
/PRINT = SOLUTION TESTCOV R
/FIXED = time1 treat time1*treat
/REPEATED = time | SUBJECT(PersonID) COVTYPE(CS)
/TEST "Mean: Control Group at Pre-Test" intercept 1 time1 0 treat 0 time1*treat 0
/TEST "Mean: Control Group at Post-Test" intercept 1 time1 1 treat 0 time1*treat 0
/TEST "Mean: Treatment Group at Pre-Test" intercept 1 time1 0 treat 1 time1*treat 0
/TEST "Mean: Treatment Group at Post-Test" intercept 1 time1 1 treat 1 time1*treat 1
/TEST "Time Effect for Control Group" time1 1 time1*treat 0
/TEST "Time Effect for Treatment Group" time1 1 time1*treat 1
/TEST "Group Effect at Pre-Test" treat 1 time1*treat 0
/TEST "Group Effect at Post-Test" treat 1 time1*treat 1.

Resources

Processor Time

00:00:00.02

Elapsed Time

00:00:00.03


[example1] C:\Dropbox\14_Psyc930MLM\Download\SPSS\Example1.sav

 

Model Dimensiona

 

Number of Levels

Covariance Structure

Number of Parameters

Subject Variables

Number of Subjects

Fixed Effects

Intercept

1

 

1

 

 

time1

1

 

1

 

 

treat

1

 

1

 

 

time1 * treat

1

 

1

 

 

Repeated Effects

time

2

Compound Symmetry

2

PersonID

50

Total

6

 

6

 

 

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.

 

Information Criteriaa

-2 Restricted Log Likelihood

544.699

Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC)

548.699

Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC)

548.828

Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC)

555.828

Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC)

553.828

The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better forms.

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Fixed Effects

 

Type III Tests of Fixed Effectsa

Source

Numerator df

Denominator df

F

Sig.

Intercept

1

56.467

2211.730

.000

time1

1

48

95.330

.000

treat

1

56.467

1.299

.259

time1 * treat

1

48

5.866

.019

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.

 

Estimates of Fixed Effectsa

Parameter

Estimate

Std. Error

df

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

Intercept

49.076798

1.043542

56.467

47.029

.000

46.986712

51.166883

time1

5.822365

.596328

48

9.764

.000

4.623367

7.021363

treat

1.681942

1.475792

56.467

1.140

.259

-1.273885

4.637769

time1 * treat

2.042527

.843335

48

2.422

.019

.346888

3.738165

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Covariance Parameters

 

Estimates of Covariance Parametersa

Parameter

Estimate

Std. Error

Wald Z

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

Repeated Measures

CS diagonal offset

4.445088

.907350

4.899

.000

2.979405

6.631796

CS covariance

22.779435

5.123633

4.446

.000

12.737300

32.821571

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.

 

Residual Covariance (R) Matrixa

 

[time = 1]

[time = 2]

[time = 1]

27.224523

22.779435

[time = 2]

22.779435

27.224523

Compound Symmetry

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 1 (Mean: Control Group at Pre-Test)

 

Contrast Estimatesa,b

Contrast

Estimate

Std. Error

df

Test Value

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

L1

49.076798

1.043542

56.467

0

47.029

.000

46.986712

51.166883

a. Mean: Control Group at Pre-Test

b. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 2 (Mean: Control Group at Post-Test)

 

Contrast Estimatesa,b

Contrast

Estimate

Std. Error

df

Test Value

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

L1

54.899163

1.043542

56.467

0

52.608

.000

52.809078

56.989248

a. Mean: Control Group at Post-Test

b. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 3 (Mean: Treatment Group at Pre-Test)

 

Contrast Estimatesa,b

Contrast

Estimate

Std. Error

df

Test Value

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

L1

50.758740

1.043542

56.467

0

48.641

.000

48.668654

52.848825

a. Mean: Treatment Group at Pre-Test

b. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 4 (Mean: Treatment Group at Post-Test)

 

Contrast Estimatesa,b

Contrast

Estimate

Std. Error

df

Test Value

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

L1

58.623631

1.043542

56.467

0

56.178

.000

56.533546

60.713717

a. Mean: Treatment Group at Post-Test

b. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 5 (Time Effect for Control Group)

 

Contrast Estimatesa,b

Contrast

Estimate

Std. Error

df

Test Value

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

L1

5.822365

.596328

48

0

9.764

.000

4.623367

7.021363

a. Time Effect for Control Group

b. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 6 (Time Effect for Treatment Group)

 

Contrast Estimatesa,b

Contrast

Estimate

Std. Error

df

Test Value

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

L1

7.864892

.596328

48

0

13.189

.000

6.665894

9.063890

a. Time Effect for Treatment Group

b. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 7 (Group Effect at Pre-Test)

 

Contrast Estimatesa,b

Contrast

Estimate

Std. Error

df

Test Value

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

L1

1.681942

1.475792

56.467

0

1.140

.259

-1.273885

4.637769

a. Group Effect at Pre-Test

b. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 8 (Group Effect at Post-Test)

 

Contrast Estimatesa,b

Contrast

Estimate

Std. Error

df

Test Value

t

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

L1

3.724468

1.475792

56.467

0

2.524

.014

.768641

6.680296

a. Group Effect at Post-Test

b. Dependent Variable: Learning Outcome.

TITLE.